{"id":"port-arthur-1904","title":"Port Arthur and the Kwantung Peninsula, 1904-1905","kind":"battlefield","bbox":[[120.98,38.59],[122.36,39.41]],"minZoom":6,"dates":["1904-02-08","1905-01-05"],"sections":["prelude/new-course"],"views":{},"features":[{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-chikuan","label":"Fort Chi-kuan (No. 2)","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.27939,38.83464],"to":"1904-12-18","note":"One of the three permanent forts of the north-eastern front, on the Chi-kuan (Cockscomb) hills; General Kondratenko was killed in it on 15 December 1904, and mines were fired under its parapet on 18 December.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-erhlung","label":"Fort Erh-lung (No. 3)","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.2625,38.8384],"to":"1904-12-28","note":"Permanent fort on the Erh-lung (Two Dragons) ridge; stormed by the Japanese on 26 November 1904 without success, mined and taken on 28 December 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-sungshu","label":"Fort Sung-shu","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.254,38.83741],"to":"1904-12-31","note":"Permanent fort on Sung-shu (Pine Tree) hill at the western end of the north-eastern front; attacked on 26 November, undermined and taken on 31 December 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-antzu","label":"Fort Ta-an-tzu Shan","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.22071,38.81969],"note":"Permanent fort north-west of the New Town, one of the forts of the western part of the land front.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-itzu","label":"Fort I-tzu Shan","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.22474,38.82849],"note":"Permanent fort on I-tzu Shan (Chair Hill), north-west of the New Town, in the western part of the land front.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-paiyin","label":"Fort Pai-yin","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.29766,38.80904],"note":"Permanent fort at the south-eastern end of the north-eastern front, on Pai-yin (White Silver) hill above Ta Ho Bay; it was still far from ready when war broke out in February 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-fort-chakuatzu","label":"Fort Cha-kua-tzu","symbol":"fort","side":"allied","at":[121.19168,38.79754],"note":"The westernmost of the permanent forts; nearly complete when war broke out in February 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-wantai","label":"Wang-tai (Wantai)","symbol":"position","side":"allied","at":[121.27283,38.8342],"to":"1904-12-31","note":"The peak between the forts Chi-kuan and Erh-lung where the Japanese meant to break through the Wantai ravine; it fell on 1 January 1905, the day Stoessel offered to surrender.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-redoubt-203","label":"203 Metre Hill, southern peak","symbol":"position","side":"allied","at":[121.1926,38.8279],"to":"1904-12-04","note":"The southern of the hill's two peaks (140 yards apart, joined by a razor-backed ridge): a work of strong profile with four blindages, behind a trench with overhead cover; the Japanese took it first, about 11:00 on 5 December 1904.","from":"1904-09-19","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-203-north","label":"203 Metre Hill, northern peak","symbol":"position","side":"allied","at":[121.19349,38.82859],"from":"1904-09-19","to":"1904-12-04","note":"The northern peak, with a bombproof inside a similar work and its last defenders clinging to it until about 16:30 on 5 December 1904, when the whole hill was lost.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-akasaka","label":"Masonry Redoubt, Akasaka Yama","symbol":"position","side":"allied","at":[121.1964,38.8311],"from":"1904-10-01","to":"1904-12-04","note":"Akasaka Yama (Flat Hill), the height north-east of 203 Metre Hill, with a redoubt cut in the rock on its summit; it flanked the approaches to 203 and was attacked on 27 and 28 November 1904 without success.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-batt-golden-hill","label":"Golden Hill battery","symbol":"battery","side":"allied","at":[121.26017,38.79546],"note":"A coast battery on Golden Hill, on the east side of the harbour entrance, among the shore batteries whose fire helped drive off the Japanese fleet on 9 February 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-batt-electric-cliff","label":"Electric Cliff battery","symbol":"battery","side":"allied","at":[121.26405,38.79184],"note":"A coast battery on Electric Cliff; its 10-inch guns fired on the Japanese naval-gun detachments near Huo-shih-liang in late August 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"line","id":"line-fort-wall","style":"fortline","side":"allied","coords":[[121.25416,38.83552],[121.25815,38.83578],[121.25896,38.83634],[121.25952,38.83588],[121.26125,38.83692],[121.26226,38.836],[121.27049,38.83566],[121.27429,38.83486],[121.27662,38.83368],[121.27722,38.83371],[121.27667,38.83404],[121.27744,38.83395],[121.28054,38.8325],[121.28316,38.83062],[121.28486,38.83038],[121.28403,38.83085],[121.28496,38.83091],[121.28726,38.82866],[121.29003,38.82718],[121.29115,38.82589],[121.29147,38.824],[121.29314,38.82282],[121.29228,38.82214]],"label":"Chinese Wall and trench line","to":"1905-01-01","note":"The old Chinese Wall, strengthened by the Russians with loopholes, overhead cover and trenches, ran from Fort Sung-shu past Erh-lung and Wang-tai to the Pai-yin North Battery: the north-eastern front, the front of attack (as drawn at the end of July 1904)."},{"type":"area","id":"area-built-oldtown","label":"Old Town of Port Arthur","side":"none","style":"built","rings":[[[121.25582,38.81822],[121.25926,38.81885],[121.2654,38.81721],[121.26927,38.81412],[121.27222,38.81126],[121.27638,38.80925],[121.2808,38.8109],[121.28431,38.81213],[121.28373,38.80943],[121.28147,38.8064],[121.28166,38.8034],[121.2813,38.80172],[121.27786,38.80085],[121.27442,38.80046],[121.2731,38.80166],[121.27269,38.80423],[121.26924,38.80481],[121.26695,38.80359],[121.26522,38.80117],[121.26104,38.79916],[121.25759,38.79949],[121.25581,38.8005],[121.25602,38.8026],[121.25485,38.80428],[121.25712,38.80622],[121.25863,38.80803],[121.25707,38.81012],[121.25589,38.81281],[121.25547,38.81581],[121.25582,38.81822]]]},{"type":"area","id":"area-built-chinesetown","side":"none","style":"built","rings":[[[121.26767,38.82011],[121.26994,38.82163],[121.27376,38.82268],[121.27568,38.8221],[121.27419,38.81884],[121.27154,38.81654],[121.26926,38.81532],[121.2673,38.81831],[121.26767,38.82011]]]},{"type":"area","id":"area-built-newtown","label":"New Town of Port Arthur","side":"none","style":"built","rings":[[[121.21576,38.80692],[121.21651,38.80818],[121.22032,38.80923],[121.22337,38.81064],[121.22795,38.8117],[121.23254,38.81173],[121.23701,38.81014],[121.23657,38.80834],[121.23259,38.80795],[121.22953,38.80792],[121.2257,38.80789],[121.22381,38.80596],[121.22228,38.80595],[121.22036,38.80641],[121.21577,38.80632],[121.21576,38.80692]]]},{"type":"line","id":"front-0530","label":"Japanese line, 30 May 1904","side":"none","style":"front","coords":[[121.45248,39.01225],[121.45062,39.00708],[121.44958,39.00193],[121.44813,38.99676],[121.44709,38.99161],[121.45054,38.98656],[121.45581,38.97641],[121.46271,38.9663],[121.47043,38.95621],[121.48101,38.94618],[121.49042,38.93452],[121.53576,38.90153],[121.56583,38.88392],[121.57575,38.88093]],"from":"1904-05-30","to":"1904-06-25","note":"The line held by the Japanese Second Army on 30 May 1904, after the battle of Nanshan and the occupation of Dalny, as drawn on the Japanese General Staff map."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0626","label":"Japanese line, 26 June 1904","side":"none","style":"front","coords":[[121.45248,39.01225],[121.44709,38.99161],[121.44359,38.9864],[121.43987,38.97606],[121.4343,38.96055],[121.42993,38.94538],[121.42511,38.93148],[121.42178,38.89902],[121.4207,38.87206],[121.4288,38.8514],[121.43727,38.8317],[121.44509,38.81873]],"from":"1904-06-26","to":"1904-07-27","note":"The line occupied by the Japanese on 26 June 1904, as drawn on the Japanese General Staff map."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0728","label":"Japanese line, 28 July 1904","side":"none","style":"front","coords":[[121.26805,38.95592],[121.27343,38.95412],[121.29972,38.93931],[121.31498,38.92425],[121.33571,38.89328],[121.34924,38.86953],[121.3594,38.84827],[121.36622,38.81764]],"from":"1904-07-28","to":"1904-07-29","note":"The line occupied by the Japanese on 28 July 1904, at the end of the battle at the passes, as drawn on the Japanese General Staff map."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0730","label":"Japanese line, 30 July 1904","side":"none","style":"front","coords":[[121.17153,38.87684],[121.18736,38.88008],[121.22805,38.88546],[121.24446,38.8839],[121.24861,38.88239],[121.28182,38.86837],[121.28689,38.86367],[121.30462,38.84803],[121.3201,38.83842],[121.33229,38.82907],[121.33835,38.81959]],"from":"1904-07-30","to":"1904-08-07","note":"The line occupied by the Japanese on 30 July 1904, when Feng-huang Shan was taken, as drawn on the Japanese General Staff map."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0808","label":"Japanese line, 8 August 1904","side":"none","style":"front","coords":[[121.17153,38.87684],[121.18736,38.88008],[121.22805,38.88546],[121.24446,38.8839],[121.24861,38.88239],[121.28182,38.86837],[121.28689,38.86367],[121.30462,38.84803],[121.3073,38.84167],[121.30624,38.82561],[121.30589,38.81278],[121.30938,38.80644],[121.31644,38.80339]],"from":"1904-08-08","to":"1904-08-14","note":"The line occupied by the Japanese on 8 August 1904, the day Ta-ku Shan and Hsiao-ku Shan were taken."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0815","label":"Japanese line, 15 August 1904","side":"none","style":"front","coords":[[121.10843,38.84627],[121.1387,38.84598],[121.17937,38.852],[121.19074,38.85418],[121.22318,38.86162],[121.22923,38.864],[121.25982,38.8775],[121.28182,38.86837],[121.28689,38.86367],[121.30462,38.84803],[121.3073,38.84167],[121.30624,38.82561],[121.30589,38.81278],[121.30938,38.80644],[121.31644,38.80339]],"from":"1904-08-15","to":"1904-08-19","note":"The line occupied by the Japanese on 15 August 1904, as drawn on the Japanese General Staff map, four days before the first general assault."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0824","style":"front","side":"none","coords":[[121.16889,38.8316],[121.17918,38.83492],[121.1842,38.83837],[121.18575,38.84023],[121.18765,38.8411],[121.19704,38.843],[121.20325,38.84467],[121.20639,38.84417],[121.21303,38.84361],[121.21818,38.84398],[121.22443,38.84383],[121.2319,38.8456],[121.23661,38.84819],[121.24409,38.84967],[121.24424,38.85024],[121.2448,38.84995],[121.24682,38.8502],[121.24681,38.85082],[121.24731,38.85048],[121.24818,38.85067],[121.25489,38.85463],[121.25756,38.85516],[121.25966,38.85447],[121.2613,38.85219],[121.26364,38.84817],[121.26654,38.8409],[121.26822,38.83915],[121.26998,38.83908],[121.2712,38.8384],[121.27735,38.83777],[121.28249,38.836],[121.28292,38.83641],[121.2826,38.836],[121.28299,38.83583],[121.29348,38.83246],[121.30152,38.82802],[121.30592,38.82261],[121.30776,38.82131],[121.31081,38.81966],[121.3118,38.81948],[121.31179,38.81989],[121.31296,38.81905],[121.31351,38.81896],[121.31448,38.81977],[121.31411,38.81879],[121.31688,38.81768]],"label":"Japanese line, 24 August 1904","from":"1904-08-24","to":"1904-09-21","note":"The Japanese investing line as it stood on 24 August 1904, the day the first general assault ended, drawn on a German staff plan of the siege; in the north it ran round Shuishiying and along the foot of the north-eastern front."},{"type":"line","id":"front-0922","style":"front","side":"none","coords":[[121.17069,38.82939],[121.17581,38.82853],[121.18328,38.82796],[121.18638,38.8291],[121.18924,38.83111],[121.1929,38.83429],[121.19447,38.83512],[121.1956,38.83613],[121.19679,38.83685],[121.1987,38.8374],[121.2026,38.83926],[121.20411,38.84026],[121.20604,38.84228],[121.20957,38.84379],[121.23216,38.84387],[121.23228,38.84334],[121.23243,38.84387],[121.23452,38.84384],[121.24788,38.84202],[121.26433,38.84188],[121.26653,38.84135],[121.267,38.84007],[121.26822,38.83915],[121.26998,38.83908],[121.2712,38.8384],[121.27735,38.83777],[121.28249,38.836],[121.28292,38.83641],[121.2826,38.836],[121.28299,38.83583],[121.29348,38.83246],[121.30152,38.82802],[121.30592,38.82261],[121.30776,38.82131],[121.31081,38.81966],[121.3118,38.81948],[121.31179,38.81989],[121.31296,38.81905],[121.31351,38.81896],[121.31448,38.81977],[121.31411,38.81879],[121.31688,38.81768]],"label":"Japanese line, 22 September 1904","from":"1904-09-22","to":"1904-10-25","note":"The Japanese investing line on 22 September 1904, after the Waterworks and Temple Redoubts and Namako Yama had been taken, drawn on a German staff plan of the siege; the saps went further forward afterwards."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-assault1-174","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.1965,38.85],[121.193,38.846],[121.1892,38.8422]],"from":"1904-08-19","to":"1904-08-24","note":"In the west the 1st Division stormed 174 Metre Hill on 19 and 20 August, which the Japanese took on the evening of the 20th at a cost of about 1,800 killed and wounded (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-assault1-wantai","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.29577,38.83871],[121.28582,38.83791],[121.2782,38.83521],[121.27283,38.8342]],"from":"1904-08-19","to":"1904-08-24","note":"Nogi meant to carry the attack down the Wantai ravine into the heart of the fortress; he called it off on 24 August (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-assault2-203","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.196,38.8362],[121.1948,38.8328],[121.19349,38.82859]],"from":"1904-09-19","to":"1904-09-23","note":"From dusk on 19 September the Japanese stormed 203 Metre Hill and held part of its trench until Russian mines blew them out at 01:00 on 23 September (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-assault3-erhlung","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.28576,38.84247],[121.2766,38.8406],[121.2625,38.8384]],"from":"1904-11-26","to":"1904-11-26","note":"On 26 November a forlorn hope of about 2,600 men attacked Fort Erh-lung and Fort Sung-shu and was beaten back (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-assault3-sungshu","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.25052,38.844],[121.25363,38.83982],[121.254,38.83741]],"from":"1904-11-26","to":"1904-11-26","note":"The attack on Fort Sung-shu on 26 November was beaten back by concentrated fire (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-203-final","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.19232,38.84355],[121.19547,38.83697],[121.19675,38.83217],[121.19349,38.82859]],"from":"1904-11-27","to":"1904-12-05","note":"The Japanese attacked 203 Metre Hill and Akasaka Yama from saps on the north and south-west from the evening of 27 November; the main assault began at 08:30 on the 28th and the summit fell on 5 December (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-akasaka","style":"advance","side":"central","coords":[[121.196,38.8362],[121.1964,38.8311]],"from":"1904-11-27","to":"1904-11-28","note":"On the night of 27 November and again on the 28th the 1st and 38th Kobi (reserve) Regiments tried to storm Akasaka Yama up its precipitous northern slope, reached the Masonry Redoubt for a moment and was thrown back (schematic axis)."},{"type":"point","id":"pt-203-captured","label":"203 Metre Hill taken","symbol":"position","side":"central","at":[121.19305,38.82825],"from":"1904-12-05","to":"1904-12-31","note":"By 17:00 on 5 December 1904 the whole hill was Japanese, and a naval officer with a portable telephone was soon on the summit directing the 28 cm howitzers onto the ships in the harbour.","time":"17:00","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-sunk-basin","label":"Poltava, Retvizan, Pobeda, Peresvet, Pallada","symbol":"sinking","side":"allied","at":[121.2506,38.8012],"from":"1904-12-05","to":"1905-01-05","note":"Poltava sank on 5 December 1904, Retvizan on the 6th, Pobeda, Peresvet and Pallada on the 7th, all on the bottom of the shallow harbour (placed where the Japanese Navy General Staff map draws the ships).","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-sunk-bayan","label":"Bayan","symbol":"sinking","side":"allied","at":[121.25947,38.80066],"from":"1904-12-09","to":"1905-01-05","note":"The armoured cruiser Bayan was sunk by the howitzers on 9 December 1904 and lay on the bottom of the East Basin.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-kondratenko","label":"Kondratenko killed","symbol":"explosion","side":"allied","at":[121.27939,38.83464],"from":"1904-12-15","to":"1904-12-15","note":"About 21:00 on 15 December 1904 an 11-inch shell burst in the casemate of Fort Chi-kuan where General Kondratenko, the soul of the land defence, was holding a conference on the Japanese mining; he and seven other officers were killed.","time":"21:00","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-mine-chikuan","label":"Chi-kuan mined","symbol":"explosion","side":"central","at":[121.27992,38.83428],"from":"1904-12-18","to":"1904-12-18","note":"At 14:20 on 18 December about 5,000 lb of dynamite and guncotton was fired under the parapet of Fort Chi-kuan; the Japanese stormed the crater, and the Russians gave up the fort that night, the first of the permanent forts to fall.","time":"14:20","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-mine-erhlung","label":"Erh-lung mined","symbol":"explosion","side":"central","at":[121.2625,38.8384],"from":"1904-12-28","to":"1904-12-28","note":"At 10:00 on 28 December twelve mines (6,100 lb of dynamite) were fired under the face of Fort Erh-lung and the fort was stormed and taken.","time":"10:00","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-mine-sungshu","label":"Sung-shu mined","symbol":"explosion","side":"central","at":[121.254,38.83741],"from":"1904-12-31","to":"1904-12-31","note":"At 10:00 on 31 December the mines under Fort Sung-shu were fired and the fort was taken; the commandant and 122 of his men died when the Russian countermines in the tunnel went off at the same moment.","time":"10:00","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-wantai-fall","label":"Wang-tai taken","symbol":"position","side":"central","at":[121.27283,38.8342],"from":"1905-01-01","to":"1905-01-05","note":"On 1 January 1905 Wang-tai fell; the same day Stoessel and Fok offered to surrender.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-shuishiying","label":"Capitulation at Shuishiying","symbol":"hq","side":"none","at":[121.23879,38.85288],"time":"21:45","from":"1905-01-02","to":"1905-01-05","note":"The conference met in the village of Shuishiying at noon on 2 January 1905 and the terms of capitulation were signed there at 21:45 by Colonel Reis for the Russians and General Idichi for the Japanese; Nogi and Stoessel met in the village on 5 January.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-ship-retvizan","label":"Retvizan at anchor","symbol":"ship","side":"allied","at":[121.27016,38.7829],"from":"1904-02-08","to":"1904-02-08","note":"Retvizan lay in the outer roadstead on the night of 8 to 9 February; a torpedo holed her bows and she went aground in the gullet.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-ship-tsesarevich","label":"Tsesarevich at anchor","symbol":"ship","side":"allied","at":[121.27384,38.7829],"from":"1904-02-08","to":"1904-02-08","note":"Tsesarevich was torpedoed aft abreast of the magazine and grounded in the entrance.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-ship-pallada","label":"Pallada at anchor","symbol":"ship","side":"allied","at":[121.27056,38.77988],"from":"1904-02-08","to":"1904-02-08","note":"Pallada, duty ship that night, was hit amidships by a torpedo and grounded near the lighthouse west of the entrance.","minZoom":8},{"type":"route","id":"route-torp-1st","label":"Destroyer attack (1st group)","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.27573,38.74704],[121.27579,38.76508],[121.27579,38.76959],[121.27487,38.77266],[121.27372,38.77356],[121.27142,38.77352],[121.26855,38.77284],[121.26654,38.77171],[121.26602,38.76959],[121.26597,38.74704]],"from":"1904-02-08","to":"1904-02-09","note":"Shortly after midnight the 1st Flotilla led by Shirakumo came up on a northerly course, turned to port along the line of anchored ships and fired its torpedoes."},{"type":"route","id":"route-torp-2nd","label":"Destroyer attack (later boats)","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.27211,38.74704],[121.27223,38.76688],[121.27234,38.77049],[121.27292,38.7723],[121.27401,38.77356],[121.2766,38.77356],[121.27935,38.77293],[121.28119,38.77162],[121.28148,38.76959],[121.28148,38.74704]],"from":"1904-02-08","to":"1904-02-09","note":"The destroyers that followed each turned to starboard, fired two torpedoes and disappeared in the dark; the last two attacked singly about an hour later."},{"type":"point","id":"pt-retvizan-gullet","label":"Retvizan aground","symbol":"sinking","side":"allied","at":[121.25143,38.79491],"from":"1904-02-09","to":"1904-03-07","note":"Retvizan, holed by a torpedo, grounded in the gullet and could not be towed off; she lay there, partly blocking the entrance, until she was floated on 8 March, and her guns could still be used on ships that approached.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-pallada-aground","label":"Pallada aground","symbol":"position","side":"allied","at":[121.25213,38.79202],"from":"1904-02-09","to":"1904-02-09","note":"Pallada grounded close to the lighthouse on the west side of the entrance; she was floated at 14:00 on 9 February and taken into harbour.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block1-hokoku","label":"Hokoku Maru (1st blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25213,38.79202],"from":"1904-02-24","to":"1904-03-26","note":"Hokoku Maru grounded on the west side of the entrance close to the lighthouse on 24 February 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block1-jinsen","label":"Jinsen Maru (1st blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.26122,38.78832],"from":"1904-02-24","to":"1904-03-26","note":"Jinsen Maru struck what seemed a sunken vessel and was blown up short of the entrance on 24 February 1904.","minZoom":8},{"type":"route","id":"route-block1-hokoku","label":"1st blocking expedition","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.21037,38.7306],[121.21404,38.73496],[121.22349,38.74328],[121.23029,38.75344],[121.23711,38.76112],[121.24339,38.76901],[121.24966,38.78009],[121.25202,38.78395],[121.25311,38.78747],[121.25277,38.79016],[121.25224,38.79202]],"from":"1904-02-23","to":"1904-02-24","note":"Five old transports tried to block the entrance on the night of 23 to 24 February; Hokoku Maru, hit repeatedly and on fire, grounded by the lighthouse on the west side of the entrance."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block1-jinsen","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.2143,38.73393],[121.2235,38.7412],[121.23161,38.75283],[121.24027,38.76196],[121.24866,38.7711],[121.2539,38.77795],[121.25809,38.78231],[121.26202,38.78667],[121.26122,38.78832]],"from":"1904-02-23","to":"1904-02-24","note":"Jinsen Maru steered for the entrance on the right of Hokoku Maru and struck a sunken vessel short of it."},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block1-tenshin","label":"Tenshin Maru (1st blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.21717,38.74056],"from":"1904-02-24","to":"1904-03-26","note":"Tenshin Maru, led by Commander Arima, lost her position in the searchlights and ran on the rocks at Kai-yang-chou; Buyo Maru was sunk near her and Bushu Maru, steering for the wrong gap, grounded to the south.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block2-chiyo","label":"Chiyo Maru (2nd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25802,38.79023],"from":"1904-03-27","to":"1904-05-02","note":"Chiyo Maru, led by Commander Arima, could not make out the entrance, anchored on the eastern shore and blew up her ship.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block2-fukui","label":"Fukui Maru (2nd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25792,38.79155],"from":"1904-03-27","to":"1904-05-02","note":"Fukui Maru, Captain Hirose, was struck by a torpedo from the destroyer Silni and sunk by her own charges just beyond Chiyo Maru.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block2-yahiko","label":"Yahiko Maru (2nd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25643,38.79214],"from":"1904-03-27","to":"1904-05-02","note":"Yahiko Maru was sunk on the port side of Fukui Maru.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block2-yoneyama","label":"Yoneyama Maru (2nd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25381,38.79142],"from":"1904-03-27","to":"1904-05-02","note":"Yoneyama Maru passed round the bows of Chiyo Maru, anchored in mid-channel and was torpedoed by Ryeshitelni as her charges fired; she sank across the channel.","minZoom":8},{"type":"route","id":"route-block2","label":"2nd blocking expedition","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.26106,38.7712],[121.26059,38.77398],[121.25902,38.78364],[121.25855,38.78599],[121.25802,38.79023]],"times":[{"at":0,"time":"03:00"}],"from":"1904-03-27","to":"1904-03-27","note":"On the night of 26 to 27 March the Chiyo, Fukui, Yahiko and Yoneyama Maru were sunk in the entrance; fire was opened on them at 03:00 Port Arthur time when they were about two miles off."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block3-mikawa","label":"Mikawa Maru","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.25946,38.7642],[121.25849,38.77094],[121.25732,38.77758],[121.25686,38.78305],[121.2567,38.78501],[121.25614,38.78618],[121.25502,38.78686],[121.25414,38.78711]],"times":[{"at":7,"time":"01:00"}],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-03","note":"The first blockship, Mikawa Maru, dashed for the entrance about 01:00 on 3 May under the fire of the guardships and forts, grazed the boom and was blown up inside it."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block3-sakura","label":"Sakura Maru","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.27149,38.764],[121.2687,38.77187],[121.26417,38.77761],[121.26039,38.78405],[121.25825,38.78765],[121.25754,38.78863]],"times":[{"at":5,"time":"01:30"}],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-03","note":"Sakura Maru and Totomi Maru followed about half an hour later; Sakura Maru ran into the boom and was sunk by her commander."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block3-sagami","label":"Sagami Maru","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.27269,38.76401],[121.26959,38.76806],[121.26579,38.77781],[121.26225,38.78464],[121.26023,38.78903],[121.25911,38.78967]],"times":[{"at":5,"time":"02:40"}],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-03","note":"At 02:40 the third group, Yedo, Otaru and Sagami Maru, approached; Sagami Maru threw her mines overboard, crossed the field and was scuttled abreast of Sakura Maru."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block3-yedo","label":"Yedo Maru","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.26691,38.76072],[121.26435,38.77019],[121.26156,38.77672],[121.25854,38.78169]],"times":[{"at":3,"time":"02:40"}],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-03","note":"Yedo Maru did not get beyond the western end of the eastern mine-field, where she blew up and sank."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block3-asagao","label":"Asagao Maru","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.2707,38.7707],[121.26878,38.77685],[121.26698,38.78486],[121.26622,38.78798],[121.26578,38.78919]],"times":[{"at":4,"time":"03:10"}],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-03","note":"The last group, Aikoku and Asagao Maru, came up about 03:10; Asagao Maru ran ashore under Electric Cliff with her steering gear damaged."},{"type":"route","id":"route-block3-aikoku","label":"Aikoku Maru","side":"central","style":"fleet","coords":[[121.27026,38.76161],[121.26509,38.77048],[121.26218,38.77702],[121.26103,38.78151],[121.26023,38.78236]],"times":[{"at":4,"time":"03:10"}],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-03","note":"Aikoku Maru struck a mine and sank in the eastern mine-field."},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-mikawa","label":"Mikawa Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25407,38.7872],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Mikawa Maru anchored inside the end of the boom and blew up, short of the entrance.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-otaru","label":"Otaru Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25257,38.78808],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Otaru Maru broke through the boom at its western end, her helm disabled by gunfire, and was blown up beyond Mikawa Maru.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-sakura","label":"Sakura Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.2575,38.78851],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Sakura Maru dragged the boom nearly to the sunken Shilka and was sunk by her commander.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-sagami","label":"Sagami Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25921,38.78969],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Sagami Maru passed the boom through a breach and was destroyed abreast of Sakura Maru.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-totomi","label":"Totomi Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.2573,38.78511],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Totomi Maru got no further than the western end of the boom, where she sank.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-yedo","label":"Yedo Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.25836,38.78189],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Yedo Maru blew up at the western end of the eastern mine-field.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-aikoku","label":"Aikoku Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.26023,38.78236],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Aikoku Maru struck a mine in the eastern field and sank.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-block3-asagao","label":"Asagao Maru (3rd blocking)","symbol":"sinking","side":"central","at":[121.26556,38.78948],"from":"1904-05-03","to":"1904-05-14","note":"Asagao Maru ran ashore under Electric Cliff.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-lutin","label":"Lutin Rock","symbol":"position","side":"none","at":[121.275,38.7841],"note":"Lutin Rock, off the entrance of Port Arthur (Official History plates 3 and 8); the Russian fleet lay in the roadstead to its west on 8 February 1904 and the mines that sank Petropavlovsk were laid near it.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-petropavlovsk","label":"Petropavlovsk mined","symbol":"sinking","side":"allied","at":[121.275,38.78075],"time":"09:40","from":"1904-04-13","to":"1904-04-30","note":"At 09:40 on 13 April 1904 the flagship Petropavlovsk struck a Japanese mine a little south of Lutin Rock and sank in about a minute and a half; Admiral Makarov and the painter Vereshchagin were lost, and only seven officers and 73 men were picked up.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-pobeda","label":"Pobeda mined","symbol":"explosion","side":"allied","at":[121.24504,38.75723],"time":"10:15","from":"1904-04-13","to":"1904-04-13","note":"At 10:15 the battleship Pobeda struck a mine of the second group, about two miles south-west of the first, and was crippled.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-sortie-0810","label":"Russian fleet sails","symbol":"ship","side":"allied","at":[121.25143,38.79491],"time":"08:30","from":"1904-08-10","to":"1904-08-10","note":"At 08:30 on 10 August 1904 the last ship of Vitgeft's squadron was on her way out through the gullet on the way to Vladivostok; the two fleets sighted each other at about 11:30 and the battle of the Yellow Sea followed to the south-east.","minZoom":8},{"type":"line","id":"line-nanshan-west","label":"Nanshan position","side":"allied","style":"trench","coords":[[121.6797,39.08209],[121.68116,39.08128],[121.68262,39.08096],[121.68408,39.08156],[121.68483,39.08266]],"from":"1904-05-05","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The western end of the Russian entrenchments on Nanshan hill, a hook running out towards the shore of Kinchou Bay, where the 4th Division waded round it at low tide in the evening."},{"type":"line","id":"line-nanshan-main","side":"allied","style":"trench","coords":[[121.68483,39.08266],[121.68531,39.08029],[121.68643,39.07893],[121.6879,39.07756],[121.69024,39.07575],[121.69317,39.07485],[121.6955,39.0744],[121.69783,39.07495],[121.70017,39.07556],[121.7022,39.07602],[121.7028,39.07443],[121.7031,39.07283]],"from":"1904-05-05","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The southern and south-eastern face of the Russian trenches on Nanshan hill, across the narrowest part of the Kwantung peninsula, with wire and mines in front."},{"type":"line","id":"line-nanshan-east","side":"allied","style":"trench","coords":[[121.69192,39.08784],[121.69367,39.0883],[121.69542,39.08771],[121.69775,39.08818],[121.6995,39.08855],[121.70126,39.08742],[121.70302,39.08628],[121.70448,39.08515],[121.70537,39.0831],[121.70568,39.08036],[121.7054,39.07854],[121.70483,39.07694],[121.70424,39.07662]],"from":"1904-05-05","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The northern and eastern face of the Russian trenches on Nanshan hill, the side facing Kinchou and the railway."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-nanshan-4th","label":"4th Division","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.70311,39.10139],[121.69345,39.09376],[121.68379,39.08439],[121.68233,39.07971],[121.6883,39.0809],[121.69667,39.07889]],"times":[{"at":0,"time":"04:30"},{"at":5,"time":"19:20"}],"from":"1904-05-26","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The 4th Division moved at 04:30 to attack Nanshan from the west; in the evening, helped by the gunboats in Kinchou Bay, it waded round the Russian left at low tide and the flag went up on the summit at 19:20 (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-nanshan-1st","label":"1st Division","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.71216,39.08858],[121.70546,39.08447],[121.6995,39.08211],[121.69667,39.07889]],"times":[{"at":0,"time":"06:00"},{"at":3,"time":"19:20"}],"from":"1904-05-26","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The 1st Division in the centre had reached its line by 06:00 and was held under heavy fire for most of the day (schematic axis)."},{"type":"route","id":"adv-nanshan-3rd","label":"3rd Division","side":"central","style":"advance","coords":[[121.71152,39.0699],[121.70701,39.07455],[121.70177,39.07687],[121.69802,39.07977],[121.69667,39.07889]],"times":[{"at":0,"time":"07:50"},{"at":4,"time":"19:20"}],"from":"1904-05-26","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The 3rd Division, on the eastern face, moved at 07:50 and by 09:00 had passed the railway (schematic axis)."},{"type":"point","id":"pt-nanshan-summit","label":"Nanshan taken","symbol":"position","side":"central","at":[121.69667,39.07889],"time":"19:20","from":"1904-05-26","to":"1904-05-31","note":"At 19:20 on 26 May 1904 the flag of the Rising Sun went up on the summit; the Japanese had lost 4,885 killed and wounded and the battle had lasted fourteen hours.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-gunboats-kinchou","label":"Gunboats in Kinchou Bay","symbol":"ship","side":"central","at":[121.66475,39.10222],"time":"12:00","from":"1904-05-26","to":"1904-05-26","note":"The Japanese gunboats stood in Kinchou Bay and shelled the Russian left; Fullerton's map shows their positions at noon, and the gunboat Chokai was hit and her captain killed.","minZoom":8},{"type":"point","id":"pt-landing-pitzuwo","label":"Second Army lands (Pitzuwo coast)","symbol":"landing","side":"central","at":[122.33612,39.38492],"from":"1904-05-05","to":"1904-05-13","note":"From 5 May 1904 the Japanese Second Army landed unopposed on the east coast near Pitzuwo, at Hou-tu-shih by the mouth of the Ta-sha Ho, guarded by the Japanese fleet (the point marks the coast, not the exact beach).","minZoom":8},{"type":"label","id":"lbl-roadstead","text":"Outer roadstead","style":"water","at":[121.262,38.766],"angle":-25,"minZoom":10.5},{"type":"label","id":"lbl-harbour","text":"Harbour","style":"water","at":[121.23578,38.79788],"angle":0,"minZoom":11},{"type":"label","id":"lbl-yellow-sea","text":"Yellow Sea","style":"water","at":[121.55,38.62],"angle":0,"minZoom":5.5},{"type":"label","id":"lbl-liaotung","text":"Gulf of Liaotung","style":"water","at":[121,39.15],"angle":-60,"minZoom":5.5},{"type":"label","id":"lbl-kwantung","text":"Kwantung Peninsula","style":"region","at":[121.62,39.02],"angle":-42,"minZoom":5.5},{"type":"label","id":"lbl-tiger","text":"Tiger Peninsula","style":"region","at":[121.18999,38.78528],"angle":-45,"minZoom":11}],"sources":[{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Port_Arthur_Situation_on_20th_August_1904.png","used_for":"Official History (Russian general staff, 1910) plan \"Environs of Port Arthur\": forts, built-up areas, Japanese works of 20 August 1904; georeferenced on the OSM coast"},{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Advancement_of_the_Japanese_3rd_Army.jpg","used_for":"Japanese General Staff map of the Third Army advance (1909): occupation lines of 30 May to 15 August 1904"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/officialhistoryn01grea","used_for":"British Official History vol. I, plates 2-4, 7-8 and chapters VI, VII, IX, X, XII, XIII, XX, XXI: night attack, blocking expeditions, Petropavlovsk, Nanshan"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/russo-japanese-war-n-m-vol2","used_for":"British Official History vol. II, chapter XLIX: the siege after the first assault"},{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Nanshan_Fullerton_1905.jpg","used_for":"Fullerton 1905 map of the battle of Nanshan: Russian entrenchments and Japanese divisions on 26 May 1904"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur","used_for":"dates of the assaults and of the fall of the forts"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nanshan","used_for":"battle of 24 to 26 May 1904"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Arthur","used_for":"night attack of 8 to 9 February, blocking attempts, loss of Petropavlovsk"},{"url":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/12016346835","used_for":"site of General Kondratenko's death (Fort Chi-kuan) and OSM positions of forts and batteries"},{"url":"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/松树山堡垒","used_for":"position of Fort Sung-shu"},{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Nanshan_Fullerton_1905.jpg","used_for":"re-digitized by the verifier: Russian entrenchments on Nanshan (heavy line), georeferenced by coast fit and checked against the Copernicus DEM relief"},{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bauzustand_der_Befestigung_Port_Arthur_bei_Beginn_der_Belagerung_(Ende_Juli_1904).jpg","used_for":"German staff plan 1:30,000 (Kriegsgeschichtliche Einzelschriften, 1907): Russian main line and Japanese investing lines of 24 August and 22 September 1904; georeferenced on OSM/Copernicus DEM summits"},{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Encirclement_of_Port_Arthur.jpg","used_for":"Japanese Navy General Staff map 1909: positions of the Russian ships sunk in the harbour (December 1904)"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/russo-japanese-war-n-m-vol2","used_for":"Official History vol. II ch. XLIX-LIII (203 Metre Hill, the mines, the capitulation of 2 January 1905)"}]}